Hi, I’m Oubo Ma, a Ph.D. candidate at Zhejiang University’s NESA Lab, advised by Prof. Shouling Ji. My research is dedicated to AI security, with a dual focus on safeguarding both reinforcement learning systems and large language models against adversarial threats. I am currently on the job market and actively seeking new opportunities in AI safety and cybersecurity.

📝 Conference Publications

• IntraGuard: Committee-Side Defenses Against Review Outsourcing to Commercial Chatbots. Oubo Ma, Ruixiao Lin, Jiahao Chen, Yuan Su, Yong Yang, Shouling Ji. CCS 2026.
• Angel or Demon: Investigating the Plasticity Interventions’ Impact on Backdoor Threats in Deep Reinforcement Learning. Oubo Ma, Ruixiao Lin, Yang Dai, Jiahao Chen, Chunyi Zhou, Linkang Du, Shouling Ji. ICML 2026.
• TrojanTO: Action-Level Backdoor Attacks against Trajectory Optimization Models. Yang Dai, Oubo Ma, Longfei Zhang, Xingxing Liang, Xiaochun Cao, Shouling Ji, Jiaheng Zhang, Jincai Huang, Li Shen. ICLR 2026.
• PRSA: Prompt Stealing Attacks against Real-World Prompt Services. Yong Yang, Changjiang Li, Qingming Li, Oubo Ma, Haoyu Wang, Zonghui Wang, Yandong Gao, Wenzhi Chen, and Shouling Ji. USENIX Security 2025.
• SUB-PLAY: Adversarial Policies against Partially Observed Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning Systems. Oubo Ma, Yuwen Pu, Linkang Du, Yang Dai, Ruo Wang, Xiaolei Liu, Yingcai Wu, Shouling Ji. CCS 2024.
• Is Mamba Compatible with Trajectory Optimization in Offline Reinforcement Learning? Yang Dai, Oubo Ma, Longfei Zhang, Xingxing Liang, Shengchao Hu, Mengzhu Wang, Shouling Ji, Jincai Huang, Li Shen. NeurIPS 2024.
• Text Laundering: Mitigating Malicious Features Through Knowledge Distillation of Large Foundation Models. Yi Jiang, Chenghui Shi, Oubo Ma, Youliang Tian, Shouling Ji. Inscrypt 2023. Best Student Paper Award.

📝 Journal Publications

• Action-Level Backdoor Attacks against Deep Reinforcement Learning Systems via Adaptive Reward Exploration. Oubo Ma, Linkang Du, Yang Dai, Chunyi Zhou, Qingming Li, Yuwen Pu, Shouling Ji. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, 2026.
• Structure-Aware Local Differential Privacy for Multimodal Collaborative Inference in Federated Learning Systems. Yuan Gao, Yingjie Xia, Xuejiao Liu, Oubo Ma, Shuaifan Jin, Jia-Nan Liu. IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing, 2026.
• Reformulation is All You Need: Addressing Malicious Text Features in DNNs. Yi Jiang, Oubo Ma, Yong Yang, Tong Zhang, Shouling Ji. Machine Intelligence Research, 2025.
• ABM-V: An Adaptive Backoff Mechanism for Mitigating Broadcast Storm in VANETs. Oubo Ma, Xuejiao Liu, Yingjie Xia. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2023.
• RLID-V: Reinforcement Learning-Based Information Dissemination Policy Generation in VANETs. Yingjie Xia, Xuejiao Liu, Jing Ou, Oubo Ma. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2023.
• HDRS: A Hybrid Reputation System with Dynamic Update interval for Detecting Malicious Vehicles in VANETs. Xuejiao Liu, Oubo Ma, Wei Chen, Yingjie Xia, Yuxuan Zhou. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2022.

📝 Preprints

• Safety in Self-Evolving Agents: A Survey. Jiahao Chen, Zhou Feng, Oubo Ma, Yichen Yan, Ruixiao Lin, Hangtao Zhang, Linkang Du, Hengyu An, Yong Yang, et al. 2026.
• The Shape of Ownership: Verifying LLM Provenance through Semantic Structures. Zhongrui Sun, Jiahao Chen, Oubo Ma, Yuwen Pu, Zhou Feng, Haibo Hu, Shouling Ji. 2026.
• A Finger on the Scale: Covert Policy Steering through Agentic Skills. Jiarui Li, Jiahao Chen, Chunyi Zhou, Yuwen Pu, Oubo Ma, Zhou Feng, Chunqiang Hu, Shouling Ji. 2026.
• TooBadRL: Trigger Optimization to Boost Effectiveness of Backdoor Attacks on Deep Reinforcement Learning. Mingxuan Zhang, Oubo Ma, Kang Wei, Songze Li, Shouling Ji. 2025.

📖 Educations

• 2022.09 - Present, PH.D., Zhejiang University.
• 2019.09 - 2022.06, M.E., Hangzhou Normal University.
• 2015.09 - 2019.06, B.E., Wenzhou University.